KUALA LUMPUR, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Malaysia's 2026 haze is estimated to have caused about 1,700 deaths and 8 billion ringgit (about 1.97 billion U.S. dollars) in welfare losses, with most fatalities attributed to smoke from fires outside the country, a report showed on Thursday.
An estimated 1,700 deaths, with a range of 1,300 to 2,300, were linked to short-term exposure to fine particulate matter from fire smoke between July 1 and Oct. 22, according to a report commissioned by the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM).
About 1,600 deaths were attributed to transboundary smoke. Assuming fire smoke is no more toxic than other fine particles, the estimated death toll falls to about 600.
Using standard benefit-transfer methods, the deaths represent an estimated welfare loss of 8 billion ringgit, with a range of 3 billion ringgit to 15 billion ringgit.
The haze also disrupted business operations. The FMM survey of 86 member sites, including 81 manufacturers, found that 69 percent experienced some operational impact, while 26 percent reported moderate or significant disruption, mainly due to staff absenteeism. Nearly two-thirds said they had already been affected in August or September. ■